From: Do high-skill immigrants raise productivity? Evidence from Israeli manufacturing firms, 1990-1999
 | Levels, all available firms, 1993 and 1997 | First differences, all available firms, 1990-1993 and 1993-1997 | First differences, balanced sample, 1990-1993 and 1993-1997 |
---|---|---|---|
Share immigrants | -0.032 (0.036) | -0.093** (0.043) | -0.060 (0.064) |
Log capital per worker | 0.140** (0.015) | 0.0249 (0.041) | -0.028 (0.047) |
Log materials per worker | -0.099** (0.014) | 0.014 (0.030) | -0.051 (0.045) |
Log employment | 0.162** (0.006) | 0.152** (0.041) | 0.345 (0.043) |
Log R&D expenditures | 0.062** (0.019) | -0.018 (0.021) | -0.023 (0.025) |
1 if no R&D expenditures | 0.279** (0.124) | -0.124 (0.113) | 0.118 (0.146) |
Region dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
3-digit industry dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 3508 | 2361 | 1222 |
R2 | 0.742 | 0.532 | 0.631 |