From: Migration and aspirations – are migrants trapped on a hedonic treadmill?
1 year aspirations (2000 Survey) | 5 year aspirations (2007 Survey) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DV: Aspiration gap | Full sample | Migrants | Non-migrants | Test | Full sample | Migrants | Non-migrants | Test |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (2) > (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (5) > (6) | |
Past migration | 0.04** (0.002) | 0.05*** (0.000) | ||||||
Age group: 25–39 yearsa | -0.02 (0.178) | -0.04 (0.121) | -0.01 (0.481) | (0.153) | -0.09*** (0.000) | -0.07* (0.038) | -0.09*** (0.000) | (0.669) |
Age group: 40–65 years | -0.13*** (0.000) | -0.14** (0.002) | -0.13*** (0.000) | (0.383) | -0.23*** (0.000) | -0.27*** (0.000) | -0.22*** (0.000) | (0.207) |
Age group: >65 years | -0.18*** (0.000) | -0.28** (0.002) | -0.17*** (0.000) | (0.126) | -0.38*** (0.000) | -0.41*** (0.000) | -0.38*** (0.000) | (0.393) |
Men | -0.01 (0.265) | 0.04 (0.143) | -0.02* (0.045) | (0.985) | 0.04* (0.011) | 0.04 (0.314) | 0.04* (0.023) | (0.498) |
No educationb | -0.00 (0.781) | -0.0076 (0.908) | -0.00 (0.762) | (0.485) | -0.08*** (0.000) | -0.16 (0.124) | -0.07*** (0.001) | (0.189) |
Junior high school | 0.05*** (0.000) | 0.03 (0.368) | 0.05*** (0.000) | (0.212) | 0.06*** (0.000) | 0.01 (0.753) | 0.07*** (0.000) | (0.121) |
Senior high school | 0.07*** (0.000) | 0.07* (0.024) | 0.07*** (0.000) | (0.535) | 0.12*** (0.000) | 0.07 (0.103) | 0.13*** (0.000) | (0.097) |
Higher education | 0.11*** (0.000) | 0.10* (0.026) | 0.13*** (0.000) | (0.280) | 0.20*** (0.000) | 0.15** (0.005) | 0.20*** (0.000) | (0.189) |
Edu gap:own vs. highest in the HH | -0.00 (0.921) | 0.03 (0.115) | -0.00 (0.597) | (0.948) | 0.01 (0.060) | -0.00 (0.838) | 0.02* (0.034) | (0.196) |
Hours worked per week | 0.00*** (0.001) | 0.00 (0.410) | 0.00*** (0.001) | (0.330) | 0.00* (0.016) | 0.00 (0.166) | 0.00 (0.071) | (0.717) |
Total monthly income(ln) | 0.00 (0.730) | -0.00 (0.433) | 0.00 (0.450) | (0.176) | -0.00 (0.947) | -0.01* (0.039) | 0.00 (0.318) | (0.013) |
Community participation | 0.03** (0.003) | 0.01 (0.743) | 0.04** (0.002) | (0.218) | 0.00 (0.842) | -0.00 (0.907) | 0.00 (0.758) | (0.409) |
Married | 0.03** (0.009) | 0.08** (0.003) | 0.02 (0.206) | (0.984) | 0.02 (0.121) | 0.02 (0.575) | 0.02 (0.168) | (0.462) |
HH head | -0.03* (0.035) | -0.08* (0.018) | -0.02 (0.264) | (0.038) | -0.07*** (0.000) | -0.07 (0.128) | -0.07*** (0.000) | (0.551) |
Age HH head: 40–65 yearsa | 0.02 (0.135) | 0.03 (0.289) | 0.01 (0.304) | (0.718) | -0.05** (0.006) | -0.05 (0.198) | -0.04* (0.021) | (0.407) |
Age HH head: >65 years | 0.01 (0.714) | 0.02 (0.706) | 0.00 (0.956) | (0.624) | -0.05* (0.049) | -0.11 (0.108) | -0.04 (0.166) | (0.146) |
HH expenditure – 1st quantilec | 0.01 (0.357) | 0.0 (0.915) | 0.01 (0.365) | (0.419) | -0.05*** (0.000) | -0.06 (0.142) | -0.05** (0.001) | (0.383) |
HH expenditure – 4th quantile | 0.01 (0.200) | -0.01 (0.783) | 0.02 (0.118) | (0.181) | 0.02 (0.285) | -0.01 (0.738) | 0.02 (0.167) | (0.173) |
Household with farm income | 0.01 (0.542) | 0.00 (0.952) | 0.01 (0.465) | (0.417) | 0.02 (0.113) | 0.05 (0.175) | 0.02 (0.280) | (0.804) |
Household with non-farm business | 0.02* (0.013) | 0.03 (0.260) | 0.02* (0.033) | (0.599) | 0.04** (0.003) | 0.04 (0.178) | 0.03* (0.011) | (0.626) |
Female headed HH | -0.00 (0.787) | -0.02 (0.484) | -0.00 (0.802) | (0.307) | 0.04* (0.018) | 0.05 (0.205) | 0.04* (0.048) | (0.605) |
HH adults | -0.00 (0.411) | -0.01* (0.024) | -0.00 (0.934) | (0.019) | 0.00 (0.492) | 0.01 (0.139) | 0.00 (0.823) | (0.880) |
HH children age 0-4 | 0.01 (0.059) | -0.01 (0.396) | 0.02* (0.019) | (0.045) | 0.02* (0.045) | 0.01 (0.614) | 0.02 (0.067) | (0.402) |
HH children age 5-9 | -0.00 (0.538) | 0.02 (0.165) | -0.01 (0.221) | (0.962) | 0.02* (0.045) | -0.00 (0.875) | 0.02* (0.016) | (0.136) |
HH children age 10-14 | 0.00 (0.935) | -0.04** (0.008) | 0.01 (0.268) | (0.002) | -0.00 (0.785) | -0.05* (0.047) | 0.00 (0.597) | (0.029) |
Household with TV | 0.01 (0.277) | 0.03 (0.244) | 0.01 (0.472) | (0.792) | -0.00 (0.801) | -0.00 (0.924) | -0.00 (0.921) | (0.481) |
Rural HH | 0.00 (0.899) | 0.00 (0.886) | 0.00 (0.836) | (0.520) | 0.01 (0.355) | 0.02 (0.612) | 0.01 (0.464) | (0.570) |
Average HH asset value | 0.00 (0.868) | 0.01 (0.512) | -0.00 (0.750) | (0.770) | -0.01 (0.104) | -0.01 (0.713) | -0.02 (0.079) | (0.751) |
Ethnic fractionalization | 0.04 (0.135) | -0.03 (0.538) | 0.06* (0.033) | (0.067) | -0.03 (0.401) | -0.03 (0.685) | -0.01 (0.801) | (0.394) |
Constant | 0.28** (0.003) | 0.29 (0.081) | 0.32** (0.006) | 0.96*** (0.000) | 0.92*** (0.000) | 1.01*** (0.000) | ||
Province dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 23109 | 3747 | 19362 | 20717 | 3598 | 17119 | ||
R 2 | 0.043 | 0.055 | 0.042 | 0.085 | 0.077 | 0.081 | ||
adj. R2 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.082 | 0.065 | 0.079 | ||
AIC | 41654.6 | 7165.8 | 34470.2 | 45748.3 | 8302.7 | 37463.4 |