From: Is the lower return to immigrants’ foreign schooling a postarrival problem in Canada?
(1) Native-born | (2) Immigrants—CE | (3) Immigrants—FE | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | P > |z| | Coef. | P > |z| | Coef. | P > |z| | ||||||
Degrees | |||||||||||
Trades | Base | Base | Base | ||||||||
Registered apprenticeship | 0.0358 | 0.000 | 0.0090 | 0.587 | −0.0437 | 0.021 | |||||
College—less than 1 year | −0.0055 | 0.213 | −0.0306 | 0.022 | −0.0113 | 0.593 | |||||
College—1 to 2 years | 0.0429 | 0.000 | 0.0249 | 0.280 | −0.0082 | 0.434 | |||||
College—more than 2 years | 0.0841 | 0.000 | 0.0663 | 0.000 | 0.0135 | 0.384 | |||||
University—below bachelor’s | 0.1138 | 0.000 | 0.0777 | 0.000 | 0.0581 | 0.001 | |||||
Bachelor’s | 0.1856 | 0.000 | 0.1568 | 0.000 | 0.0869 | 0.000 | |||||
Above bachelor’s less than Master’s | 0.2252 | 0.000 | 0.2028 | 0.000 | 0.1431 | 0.000 | |||||
Medicine, dentistry, veterinary, optometry | 0.1394 | 0.001 | 0.2281 | 0.001 | 0.1433 | 0.004 | |||||
Master’s | 0.2987 | 0.000 | 0.2417 | 0.000 | 0.1229 | 0.000 | |||||
PhD | 0.4490 | 0.000 | 0.4149 | 0.000 | 0.2946 | 0.000 | |||||
NHRIC | |||||||||||
1 | Base | Base | Base | ||||||||
2 | −0.0045 | 0.581 | −0.0036 | 0.832 | −0.0061 | 0.776 | |||||
3 | −0.0174 | 0.090 | −0.0259 | 0.087 | −0.0278 | 0.307 | |||||
4 | −0.0342 | 0.000 | −0.0280 | 0.030 | −0.0415 | 0.020 | |||||
5 | −0.1127 | 0.000 | −0.1070 | 0.000 | −0.0932 | 0.000 | |||||
NVRIC | |||||||||||
1 | Base | Base | Base | ||||||||
2 | −0.0149 | 0.001 | −0.0327 | 0.000 | −0.0269 | 0.000 | |||||
3 | −0.0179 | 0.002 | −0.0316 | 0.000 | −0.0266 | 0.002 | |||||
4 | −0.0379 | 0.000 | −0.0644 | 0.000 | −0.0621 | 0.000 | |||||
5 | −0.0784 | 0.000 | −0.1142 | 0.000 | −0.1063 | 0.000 | |||||
Observations | 1,228,448 | 219,417 | 150,183 |